Likert scale is a psychometric scale where questions based on this scale are normally used in a survey. Likerttype or frequency scales use fixed choice response formats. They identified likerttype items as single questions that use some aspect of the original likert response alternatives. The thurstone scale is made up of statements about a particular issue and. A psychometric response scale primarily used in questionnaires to obtain participants preferences or degree of agreement with a statement or set of statements. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of item phrasing on the validity of a likerttype attitude scale. Thurstone scale, likert scale and semantic differential scale.
Although there are technically three scales, when people refer to the thurstone scale theyre usually talking. It was developed by and named after organizational psychologist rensis likert. The likert scale is named after its creator, rensis likert, who developed it in 1932. Analyzing likert data the journal of extension joe. Likert items and scales rob johns university of strathclyde 1. Discussion paper on scales for measuring customer satisfaction. Feb 19, 2019 a thurstone scale has a number of agree or disagree statements. Likert scales are widely used in surveys to have an idea about what people think about a particular subject, topic or issue. A fourpoint likert scale is the first of the even scale options when doing a likert survey. When using likert scales, the researcher must consider issues such as categories of response values in the scale, size of the scale, direction of the scale, the ordinal nature of likertderived data, and appropriate statistical analysis of such data. Various kinds of rating scales have been developed to measure attitudes directly i. A likert scale is a type of psychometric scale frequently used in psychology questionnaires. In making questionnaires that use the likert scale, not just any type of question will suffice.
Thurstone scale, likert scale and semantic differential. At the beginning of this template, there is the brief introduction of the likert scales which can help you have a general idea of the likert scale. Cpsc 681 topic report dane bertram likert scales 1 page likert scale \lickurt\, n. Typically, it includes a moderate or neutral midpoint, and 7 point likert scales are known to be most accurate of the likert scales. In fact, there is a format that must be followed in formulating the questions. On a likert scale, respondents are asked to rate the level to which they agree with a. This can be accomplished at the item development stage by dividing the items into at least three groups e. Likert and likerttype scales the likert scale is named for its creator, american scientist rensis likert, who felt that surveys yielding only yesorno answers were limited in their usefulness. Words make difficult for the respondents to give their feelings. Apr, 2020 a likert scale is a type of psychometric scale frequently used in psychology questionnaires. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of item phrasing on the validity of a likert type attitude scale. Questionnaires predefined set of questions in a predetermined order provide data that can be analysed to identify patterns and relationships within the answers questionnaires may be. These items are normally displayed by use of a visual aid that represent a simple scale. Likert type scales and the theory of reliability of measurement, this article reports an investigation of the extent scores derived from likert type scales reported in the journal of agricultural education are congruent with the estimates of reliability of measurement cited in the articles.
Likertscale questionnaire, difficulty is often termed endorseability so that the scales entire response range e. Pdf likert technique of attitude scale construction in. Most researchers would not use a 3point likert type scale with a statistical technique requiring interval data. Likerttype or frequency scales use fixed choice response formats and are designed to measure attitudes or opinions 2.
There are normally five possible choices used during the research which includes. In its final form, the likert scale is a five or seven point scale which is used to allow the individual to express how much they agree or disagree with a. Although originally developed with a number of statements in which individuals indicated their. Reporting and interpreting scores derived from likert type scales j. The ubiquitous likert item the question above, taken from the 2007 british social attitudes survey, is an example of a likert item. The likert scale questionnaire format and examples. Rating scales such as likert scales and semantic differential scales are very common in marketing research, customer satisfaction studies, psychometrics, opinion surveys, and numerous other fields. The original idea for the likert scale is found in rensis likerts 1932 article in archive of psychology titled a technique for the measurement of attitudes. Oct 01, 2017 likert scale would be helpful when you need to study people and their behaviors.
There are various tips used in likert scale key among them includes. Although most examples of likert scale seem to look like 15 rating scale, having five points isnt a rule. In its final form, the likert scale is a five or seven point scale which is used to allow the individual to express how much they agree or disagree with a particular statement. Likert scale definition, examples and analysis simply. The scale is named for the psychologist who created it, rensis likert. Instructions for likerttype scales the following pages contain a number of statements with which some people agree and others disagree. Below are the two likert scales, the fourpoint and the fivepoint. Likert scale examples for surveys iowa state university. Robert warmbrod1 abstract fortynine percent of the 706 articles published in the journal of agricultural education from 1995 to 2012 reported quantitative research with at least one variable measured by a likert type scale. It is a unidimensional scale to measure attitudes towards people. This form of rating scale is named after its inventor, psychologist rensis likert.
Likert scale questions, survey and examples questionpro. Likert scales are one of the most commonly used scales in social science research. Every multiple choice answer has got same importance hence when you get a number of answers and analyze them, you will be able to judge the behavior and attitude of the people. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. It is the most widely used approach to scaling responses in survey research, such that the term or more accurately the likerttype scale is often used interchangeably with rating scale, although there. Scales for measuring satisfaction survey design research reveals inconclusive results on which scales to use in measuring customer satisfaction. It is the most widely used approach to scaling responses in survey research, such that the term or more accurately the likerttype scale is often used interchangeably with rating scale, although there are. Almost everyone would recognise this type of survey. A likert type scale involves a series of statements that respondents may choose from in order to rate their responses to evaluative questions vogt, 1999. Likert scale definition and examples statistics how to. Use these free templates or examples to create the perfect professional document or project.
Clemson university frequency 7 point 1 never 2 rarely, in less than 10% of the chances when i could have. They identified likert type items as single questions that use some aspect of the original likert response alternatives. Examples of likert scaled responses used in datagathering a variety of methods are available to assist evaluators in gathering data. Likert scale would be helpful when you need to study people and their behaviors. A likert scale is commonly used to measure attitudes, knowledge, perceptions, values, and behavioral changes. The questions should ask for an agreement or disagreement. The examples of likert scales is a template of datagathering. Likerttype versus likert scales clason and dormody 1994 described the difference between likerttype items and likert scales. Three content similar scales were composed of 15 items, either all positive. One of the most common scale types is a likert scale. Examples of likert developing healthy communities dhc. Likert type versus likert scales clason and dormody 1994 described the difference between likert type items and likert scales.
When using likert scales, the researcher must consider issues such as categories of response values in the scale, size of the scale, direction of the scale, the ordinal nature of likert derived data, and appropriate statistical analysis of such data. Most researchers would not use a 3point likerttype scale with a statistical technique requiring interval data. In likert survey forms, a number of options are given along with each question. Developing the scale is time consuming and relatively complex compared to other scales like the likert scale.
Below you can see a pool or likert scale templates and also can be used for making likert scales easily. Odd likert scales are used when the survey creator intends to provide freedom to the respondents for the type of feedback that they provide. Please rate how much you personally agree or disagree with these statementshow much they reflect how you feel or think personally. Likert scales are usually used for market research. It was developed by likert in 1932 and it was based on the principle of asking people to give their response by choosing among a series of statements concerning a given topic. A likert template example would range from typical multiplechoice options which may include strongly agree, agree, no opinion, disagree and strongly. Selfadministrated the respondent answer on their own administrated by the researcher 3. Free download of examples of likert scales document available in pdf format. Clemson university likert type scale response anchors level of acceptability 1 totally unacceptable 2 unacceptable 3 slightly unacceptable 4 neutral. A thurstone scale has a number of agree or disagree statements. Though many scales have been developed by psychologists to measure the attitude of people in a direct way, the likert scale is by far the best and most used scale. It is one of the most widely used question types in a survey. Individuals without tremendous expertise are able to develop sophisticated measures using the likert method for developing scales.
Download sample survey questions likert scale for free. This is also why likert scales are sometimes called summative scales. Each specific question or item can have its response analyzed separately, or have it summed with other related items to create a score for a group of statements. Jun 14, 2019 likert scales are usually used for market research. With this scale, respondents are asked to rate items on a level of agreement. The likert scales are a very specific type of survey questions and they represent the sum total of responses to the various likert items. Likerttype scales and the theory of reliability of measurement, this article reports an investigation of the extent scores derived from likerttype scales reported in the journal of agricultural education are congruent with the estimates of reliability of measurement cited in the articles. A likert scale that offers agree and disagree as the polar points along with a neutral. Sometimes you may come across scales with only four points.
However, there is reliable research that indicates that your results can be impacted by the scales that you choose for your survey. Then following the introduction is the concrete choices of the survey. Instructions for likert type scales the following pages contain a number of statements with which some people agree and others disagree. Reporting and interpreting scores derived from likerttype. In survey research, likert scales are the most commonly used type of scale. In a likert scale survey respondents simply dont choose between yesno, there are specific choices based on agreeing or disagreeing on a certain question in the survey. It gives a better reflection of a respondents true evaluation. Selfreport inventories are one of the most widely used tools in psychological research. Likerttype scale response anchors peru state college. A likert scale is a psychometric scale thats effectively used to assess the opinions, attitudes and experiences of customers regarding brands, products and services. Likert and likert type scales the likert scale is named for its creator, american scientist rensis likert, who felt that surveys yielding only yesorno answers were limited in their usefulness. Reporting and interpreting scores derived from likerttype scales. Likert scales are rating scales often used in customer surveys. A likert scale is a type of rating scale used to measure attitudes or opinions.
253 1044 1343 1274 1563 890 1156 1655 941 1610 336 958 233 279 1394 1007 1091 1256 1004 883 490 1163 1189 432 1625 874 846 1365 463 907 727 1424 732 824 586 594 641